Mieszko I, Poland's first ruler, was baptized on April 14, 966.

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Casimir The Great established a number of new towns throughout Poland as well as founded Poland's first university.

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King Sobieski's halting of the Turks saved Europe from further conquests by the Ottoman Empire.

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Despite a heroic fight, the Poles were no match for the German war machine and its Blitzkrieg tactics. To make matters worse, the Soviet Union invaded from the east on September 17, sealing Poland's fate.

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Cardinal Karol Wojtyla was eventually elected Pope John Paul II.

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